Toilet training is typically associated with which age range in Erikson's theory?

Toilet training is typically associated with which age range in Erikson's theory?

• A. Toddler
• B. Preschooler
• C. Infant
• D. Adolescent

Answer: (A)

The main concept tested is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, the Erikson stage where toddlers work on independence and self-control. Toilet training is a classic task of this stage, as gaining voluntary control over bladder and bowel movements—and doing things for themselves—signals autonomy. When children succeed, they develop a sense of confidence in their abilities; repeated or harsh punishment can sow shame and doubt about their capabilities. This stage typically covers roughly ages 1 to 3, aligning with the toddler years when toilet training commonly occurs. Infants are centered on Trust vs. Mistrust, preschoolers on Initiative vs. Guilt, and adolescents on Identity vs. Role Confusion, so toilet training fits best with the toddler autonomy stage.

The main concept tested is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, the Erikson stage where toddlers work on independence and self-control. Toilet training is a classic task of this stage, as gaining voluntary control over bladder and bowel movements—and doing things for themselves—signals autonomy. When children succeed, they develop a sense of confidence in their abilities; repeated or harsh punishment can sow shame and doubt about their capabilities. This stage typically covers roughly ages 1 to 3, aligning with the toddler years when toilet training commonly occurs. Infants are centered on Trust vs. Mistrust, preschoolers on Initiative vs. Guilt, and adolescents on Identity vs. Role Confusion, so toilet training fits best with the toddler autonomy stage.